Claude, explained
Onboarding notes · for Matthew

The things to actually remember about Claude.

Everything from the June 5 session, distilled to the ideas that change how you work — each with a small animation that shows the concept in motion. Read top to bottom, then test yourself on the quiz.

01 Claude is an agent 02 Cowork vs Code 03 Projects are folders 04 CLAUDE.md memory 05 Each chat is separate 06 Skills 07 Plugins 08 Models & effort 09 Context window 10 Usage limits 11 Reducing errors 12 File & sync gotchas
01

Claude is an agent, not just a chatbot

A normal chatbot only talks. Claude acts — it can search the web, run commands in a terminal, and create real files on your machine.

Under the hood it works in a terminal, essentially talking to itself: run a command, hit an error, fix it, run again — chaining steps until the job is actually done.

The self-correcting loop
Write a step
Hit an error
Fix & retry
Run it
keeps going
until it's done
If it can be done by running steps, Claude will try — it doesn't just describe the steps.
02

Cowork vs Claude Code — the sandbox is the difference

Cowork runs inside a sandbox — a sealed virtual machine on your computer. Safer for non-developers, but more restricted: it can't see folders outside the sandbox, like Downloads, Dropbox, or iCloud Drive at the top level.

Claude Code has no sandbox by default — more power, and more responsibility. It can touch anything you can.

What the sandbox can and can't reach
SANDBOX project files what you hand it
Downloads Dropbox iCloud Drive
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03

Projects are just folders

Every Cowork or Code project is simply a folder on your computer with files inside it. Nothing magic. A fresh project starts empty — what makes it useful is what you put in it (files, and the memory below).

A project = a folder + its files + shared context for the chats inside it.
04

CLAUDE.md is the project's memory

A CLAUDE.md file is loaded at the start of every chat in that project. It's where instructions and preferences live.

You can layer them: a global CLAUDE.md for overall preferences, plus project-level ones. They load from the folder upward — like overarching laws plus local laws.

Good things to put there: what the project is about, where things live, file-naming rules, your preferences.
Claude only updates it when you tell it to — e.g. "save this to my project memory."
Loaded at the start of every chat
global CLAUDE.mdoverall preferences
project CLAUDE.mdthis folder
New chat
memory loaded
05

Each chat has its own memory

By default a new chat does not know what happened in other chats — even inside the same project. What one chat learns stays in that chat.

That's exactly why projects matter: they keep related chats and their files together, sharing the files and the CLAUDE.md context — even though the conversations themselves don't bleed into each other.

One project, separate memories
PROJECT FOLDER
Chat A
● learns a fact
Chat B
Chat C
06

Skills are reusable shortcuts

A skill is a saved file — a prompt, sometimes with scripts or tools attached — for a repeatable task. Claude keeps a list of skills with short descriptions and auto-picks the right one when your request matches.

To create one: just work through a task in chat until the output is good (that's 90% of it), then say "turn this into a skill" and review the draft.
The built-in Skill Creator runs test cases to check it actually works.
Your request, auto-matched to a skill
make a scouting report
Summarize a PDF Format a deck Scouting report Clean up a CSV
07

Plugins are bundles of skills + connectors

A plugin packages several skills and connectors together. If the "skills" section of a chat is empty, no plugin was used.

Claude decides whether to use a plugin based on its description — and it can guess wrong. You can force one via the + button or by naming it in your message.

A plugin = skills + connectors, packaged
PLUGIN skill skill connector connector
08

Models & effort — match the engine to the job

Three models, weakest to strongest: Haiku → Sonnet → Opus. Use Opus for hard thinking (like building a skill); downgrade to Sonnet for routine tasks to save tokens.

Cowork can't switch models mid-chat — start a new session to change.
Effort level controls how much research Claude does: low = fewer web searches, high = many.
Three sizes, depth vs speed
Haiku
instant · cheap
Sonnet
fast all-rounder
Opus
deep thinker
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09

Watch your context window

Performance degrades as a conversation fills up — "Claude gets stupid." Under a full context, models can also start dropping steps.

Sonnet has ~200k tokens. Rule of thumb: stay under ¼ to ½ full, and don't run one endless conversation.
Run /context to check usage; /usage for plan limits.
The window fills — and quality drops
/context steps get dropped
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10

Usage limits

On the Pro plan you get a 5-hour rolling window of tokens, plus a weekly limit. Heavy work hits these fast — another reason to use the lighter model for routine jobs.

Token budget is rolling, not daily — plan the heavy lifting, don't burn it on busywork.
11

Reducing errors & hallucinations

Claude can hallucinate or stop short of finishing. Counter it with quality control — and watch out for confirmation bias: if you hand Claude your opinion, it tends to lean toward agreeing. For high-value work, consider running it once with no input from you.

Use a sub-agent — a fresh Claude with no prior context — to critique the work.
Or give Claude an API key to a different model for a second, independent opinion (set a small budget, ~$10, since keys can't be fully secured).
A fresh reviewer catches what the author missed
Claude
draft answer
Sub-agent
fresh · no context
flags an issue revised & clean
12

File & sync gotchas

A common setup scatters memory across ~6 files where the CLAUDE.md just says "always read these other files" — redundant. The simpler fix: consolidate into one CLAUDE.md where the global file belongs.

iCloud Drive ("keep downloaded") works across Macs, but the sandbox can't always reach it. Git / GitHub is the better alternative — version control plus syncing across machines, and easy collaboration.

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Distilled from the June 5 onboarding · built for Matthew · 2026 Test yourself on the quiz